Power Monitoring System of Home-scale Internet of Things (IoT)

During the Covid-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the use of electrical energy on a household scale. This study developed a home-scale power monitoring system to monitor electrical power at a household scale. This research was conducted to facilitate access to home power monitoring via Android based on the Internet of Things using the Thinger.IO web browser and Telegram Messenger using the Bot feature. This power monitoring system develops using the ACS712 sensor as a current reader and the ZMPT101B as a voltage reader, using an ESP32 microcontroller with a WiFi module that can be connected online. The results of this study are that the accuracy of the ZMPT101B voltage sensor is excellent, with an accuracy value of 99.845%. The ACS712 current sensor has the highest difference value with a reference of 0.32 A and 0.04 A for the lowest difference value. The data logger system on Thinger.IO works well in recording data. The Bot Feature on the Telegram application can work well even though it has an average delay of up to 4.2 seconds, depending on the speed of the internet network. © 2022 IEEE.

A security awareness and competency evaluation in the energy sector

The energy sector is highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to its inherently complex ecosystem of both physical and cyber infrastructure spreading across the globe. Cyber-security breaches in this domain could have a significant impact not only on the global economy but also on citizens' lives. This paper aims at evaluating the security awareness and competency of European Electrical Power and Energy Systems (EPES) organisations' workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukrainian war. A targeted assessment campaign has been designed and conducted from 11th February 2022 until 18th March 2022. During that period, 132 participants, out of the 266 invited employees, participated in the campaign. The collected results were analysed from different perspectives unveiling significant findings regarding information security readiness and resilience of individuals and, consequently, organisations in the European energy sector. Key findings are discussed in detail concluding with various cyber-security recommendations addressing both the emerged vulnerabilities and the need for security culture evolution. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Power Monitoring System of Home-scale Internet of Things (IoT)

During the Covid-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the use of electrical energy on a household scale. This study developed a home-scale power monitoring system to monitor electrical power at a household scale. This research was conducted to facilitate access to home power monitoring via Android based on the Internet of Things using the Thinger.IO web browser and Telegram Messenger using the Bot feature. This power monitoring system develops using the ACS712 sensor as a current reader and the ZMPT101B as a voltage reader, using an ESP32 microcontroller with a WiFi module that can be connected online. The results of this study are that the accuracy of the ZMPT101B voltage sensor is excellent, with an accuracy value of 99.845%. The ACS712 current sensor has the highest difference value with a reference of 0.32 A and 0.04 A for the lowest difference value. The data logger system on Thinger.IO works well in recording data. The Bot Feature on the Telegram application can work well even though it has an average delay of up to 4.2 seconds, depending on the speed of the internet network. © 2022 IEEE.

The EU Clean Energy Policy under the European Green Deal and COVID-19 pandemics - how the renewables historically won the majority share in the EU's electrical energy mix

The paper presents a regional case study of the European Union's clean energy policy impact on the European electricity market transformation reaching a tremendous milestone for the EU as confirmed by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Energy (ENER) on 9th April 2021 - the renewable energy sources for the first time in the history overcoming the combined fossil fuels in electrical energy generation mix of the year 2020. This achievement, although influenced by exceptional circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemics and the electricity demand shock, is primarily an effect of the Clean Energy for all Europeans Package implementing the European Green Deal strategy designed to position the EU as a global leader in the green transformation, leading by example and turning climate challenges into a growth opportunity, as such presenting optimistic policy perspective for a global transformation towards a 100% renewable energy world, thus mitigating dire threats of the global warming by drastically cutting greenhouse gases emissions. © 2021. The Authors. Published by International Solar Energy Society Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Scientific Committee.

Evaluating The Cyber-Security Culture of the EPES Sector: Applying a Cyber-Security Culture Framework to assess the EPES Sector's resilience and readiness

The Energy Sector is highly targeted by cyber threats because of its inherent value and profitability. Recent reported security incidents verify its key playing role in the entire economic and societal concurrent reality. This paper aims to assess the cyber-security culture status of European representatives in the entire electrical power supply chain during the coronavirus pandemic and the Ukrainian war. An evaluation campaign has been carefully designed and held from 3rd March 2022 to 18th March 2022. During that period, participants from different Electrical Power and Energy Systems (EPES) organizations participated in the campaign. Gathered results were analyzed and co-examined using different techniques revealing important findings regarding the cyber-security status and resilience of individuals and organizations in the European EPES sector. © 2022 ACM.

Long-term Analysis and Comparison Electricity Consumption of Retrofitted Lighting Systems

This paper examines and evaluates the long-term electrical energy usage of retrofitting lighting systems with varying degrees of control intelligence. One of the most important components of confirming the appropriateness of the application in practice is the long-term energy measurement of these systems. The data analysis and measurement process are described in this article. An intelligent measurement system was used to collect data on electricity consumption. On the basis of these data, an analysis and comparison of various systems were conducted, and the overall electricity consumption for a certain time period was calculated. Finally, a scenario was created to demonstrate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a retrofitted lighting system with various levels of intelligence. © 2022 IEEE.

The Significance of Dissemination Activities at Mediterranean University in the frame of project 'Electrical Energy Markets and Engineering Education (ELEMEND)'

Engineering and science curricula are revamped to address sustainability as a cross cutting horizontal issue in order to have an impact on how students appreciate, understand and think critically about complex environmental, social and economic problems. Key to maximizing impact is the dissemination of a novel practice as well as its outcomes and outputs. The target of the ERASMUS+ project 'Electrical Energy Markets and Engineering Education - ELEMEND' is the capacity building of academic and teaching staff, students, electro engineering staff, employers as well as the general public. ELEMEND also aspires to create a favorable environment for energy related business and to modify the electricity user's behavior in the Western Balkan Countries in line with technological developments in smart grids. In order to ensure the sustainability of the ELEMEND results, a Dissemination and Exploitation Plan was elaborated by each of partner university taking into account all relevant stakeholders and key actors. In particular, we examine how the dissemination plan of Mediterranean University (MU), a partner university of the ELEMEND project, sets the targets to be achieved through the dissemination activities which make the project's objective and results visible and usable to all potential stakeholders. We focus on the dissemination activities of the Mediterranean University, we analyze applied methods and forms, we provide examples of how Mediterranean University pursued dissemination targets under Covid-19 conditions. © 2021 IEEE.

Airborne pathogenic microorganisms and air cleaning technology development: A review.

Transmission of pathogens through air is a critical pathway for the spread of airborne diseases, as airborne pathogenic microorganisms cause several harmful infections. This review summarizes the occurrence, transmission, and adverse impacts of airborne pathogenic microorganisms that spread over large distances via bioaerosols. Air cleaning technologies have demonstrated great potential to prevent and reduce the spread of airborne diseases. The recent advances in air cleaning technologies are summarized on the basis of their advantages, disadvantages, and adverse health effects with regard to the inactivation mechanisms. The application scope and energy consumption of different technologies are compared, and the characteristics of air cleaners in the market are discussed. The development of high-efficiency, low-cost, dynamic air cleaning technology is identified as the leading research direction of air cleaning. Furthermore, future research perspectives are discussed and further development of current air cleaning technologies is proposed.

Decrease of mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions on COVID-19 times and their feedback on prevention measures.

The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on 2020 has affected human activities in a way never documented in modern history. As a consequence of the prevention measures implemented to contain the virus, cities around the world are experiencing a decrease in urban mobility and electricity demand that have positively affected the air quality. The most extreme cases for cities around the world show a decrease of 90, 40, and 70% in mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions respectively. At the same time, the inspection of these changes along the evaluation of COVID-19 incidence curves allow to obtain feedback about the timely execution of prevention measures for this and future global events. In this case, we identify and discuss the early effort of Latin-American countries to successfully delay the spread of the virus by implementing prevention measures before the fast growth of COVID-19 cases in comparison to European countries.